CTE : P- 1. 2 : NYSEDCIP codes are used to characterize CTE program types. SED has selected a subset of CIP codes to be used when reporting CTE data. Since programs at the BOCES or technical/CTE high schools are more occupationally focused, the selection of a specific CIP code is usually clear. The choice of CIP codes for CTE programs in high schools might require the use of a more general CIP code since programs at local high schools often cross content areas and may not be predefined or linear in nature. CTE students at local high schools build their programs based on individual interests to form cohesive concentrations; the selection of the code is linked to this building process. If a student is in programs from two of these content areas, the code to be reported should be the one in which the majority of the student’s time is spent. The six content areas and their related CIP codes are. Agriculture: use CIP code 0. Business and Marketing: use CIP code 5. Family and Consumer Sciences: use CIP code 1. Health Occupations: use CIP code 5. Technology Education: use CIP code 1. Trade and Technical: use CIP code 4. When a local agency is unable to determine the appropriate code they should contact their RIC. If need be, the RIC can contact the NYSED CTE Team at 5. The following specific CIP codes, the same subset found in the SIRS Manual, should be used New York State approved programs. These codes are taken from the National Center for Educational Statistics Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) manual. Jobs at the Indianapolis Zoo. Thanks for considering employment at the Indianapolis Zoo, a national leader in animal conservation and one of Indiana's top tourist. Dietetic Technician Job Description, Duties and Requirements. Learn about the education and preparation needed to become a dietetic technician. Get a quick view of. Joins us for the WVC 89th Annual Conference: a comprehensive five-day educational event to connect, inspire and fuel your passion for animal healthcare. The Nail Technician Professional Diploma Course ensures that you will be fully prepared to set up your own business. The distance learning Nail Technician course is.Name of program or field of study. Search by Specific Criteria. Cheap pharmacy located at Mexico. Mexican Online pharmacy available 24/7 days with friendly online support. Call and free chat available for consultation. Postgraduate Healthcare Education, LLC (PHE) is the source of Power-Pak C.E. Our accredited programs assist in.
0 Comments
Tropical Rain Forest. Warm and wet describes the tropical rain forest. There are a number of large ant species. La Selva, but none as large or as feared as the Bullet Ant. Brown, who stayed on in Costa Rica for several weeks. They are there to discourage a species of. Our students carried out an experiment. La Selva, they counted the number of workers returning to the nest. Katydids make up a big proportion. The name is directly from the Latin cicada, meaning "tree cricket". Taxonomy and diversity. Cicadas are arranged into two families: the Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae. Cricket information article, Camel and Cave crickets and others. DIET & FEEDING (Behler and King 1979) (Cunningham 1956) (King 1931) (Lemm 2006) Carnivorous. Feed on wide variety of prey, anything they can catch and swallow; non. The Old Testament encouraged Christians and Jews to consume locusts, beetles, and grasshoppers. John the Baptist is said to have survived on locusts and honey. La Selva, and there are a number of different. La Selva, Costa Rica. La Selva, Costa Rica. La Selva, Costa Rica. La Selva, Costa Rica. La Selva, Costa Rica. Cricket: Insect field guide to the most commonly found insects and non-insects in North America. As in the tropical seasonal forest at. Santa Rosa, we ran a transect through the forest to see how dense the. Finally, from La Selva, we find that not. Nurse Log, La Selva, Costa Rica. Iguana, La Selva, Costa Rica. Mountain Stream, Rinc. Although located on. Pacific, or dry side of the country, it is at a high enough altitude. Santa Rosa on the coast. Above left, an arboreal termite nest. Learn. more about Strangler Figs here. Strangler Fig - Florida. Mountain Stream, Rinc. Brown was the only one to see Squirrel. Monkeys (below); he saw them on a return trip to Manuel Antonio after. Pineapples are actually a form of bromeliad (we. Below, an innovative Costa Rican solution to the problem of fencing. In Costa Rica. this is called a living fence. Bats, Ca. The Egyptian Fruit Bat (below. The Green Vine Snake (below) is. India and nearby. Eventually the. baby's fur will be covered with algae as well. One of the most likely places to see a. Costa Rica is in a Cecropia tree. Mosquito Predators – what eats mosquitoes? Mosquitoes have a number of predators that collectively can exert some influence on reducing mosquito populations. However, with a very few exceptions, predators generally have little effect on reducing the mosquito population over a large area. Turtles. The red- eared slider turtle is generally thought to be the most voracious turtle that feeds on mosquito larvae. Insects that prey on mosquitoes include: Dragonflies. Dragonflies are often referred to as “mosquito hawks.” Though they do eat mosquitoes, they do not eat enough mosquitoes to do much harm to wild populations. The most notable being the predatory mosquitoes in the genus Toxorhynchites. Both adult and larval species of aquatic beetles will consume mosquito larvae and pupae. Spiders. Spiders become mosquito predators when a mosquito inadvertently flies into a spider’s web where it is encased and eaten. Guide to Eating Out at Restaurants for People with Food Allergies, Gluten or Dairy Intolerance. The Wood Tavern - Oakland, CABy now many of you have figured out that restaurants can be a major obstacle course for the gluten or dairy intolerant or anyone with food allergies. Always Ask What’s In The Food. I spent six years of my life working in the food industry, and I know how annoying it can be as a server to have people ask what’s in every single dish on the menu. Ethnic Food Is A Safer Bet Than American Food. Why? 3 – Avoid Chain Restaurants. While there are some chains that have recently begun touting gluten- free menus due to growing awareness of gluten intolerance and celiacs disease, for the most part, I avoid chain restaurants like the plague for one reason: by definition, chain restaurant food is not fresh. What’s the big deal about 1. Read the Best marinade for grilled chicken? Tiffins at Disney’s Animal Kingdom Theme Park (as of 6/2017) – This menu covers the top 8 common allergens (gluten/wheat, milk/dairy, egg, soy, peanut, tree nut. This is the best gluten free flour mix I have ever used! So easy to make at home. Having a gluten free child has been a bit of an adventure. There is definitely a. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are developmental disorders that affect children by disrupting their ability to communicate and interact socially. To reduce a child's. This gluten-free mocha cake recipe was a runner-up in the So Delicious Dairy Free Recipe Contest (view all recipe entries here)! It was created and submitted by Sarah. A gluten-free diet is one that excludes most grains, and it is recommended for people who have celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. For other people, however, going. Hours later, I still hadn’t noticed any strange feeling coming from my gut – so far so good. The Whole Life Nutrition Cookbook: Over 300 Delicious Whole Foods Recipes, Including Gluten-Free, Dairy-Free, Soy-Free, and Egg-Free Dishes Ways To Lower Blood Pressure By Changing Your Diet. Banana. Stock/Banana. Stock/Thinkstock. This is a guest post by Laura Schoenfeld, a Registered Dietitian with a Master’s degree in Public Health, and staff nutritionist and content manager for Chris. Kresser. com. You can learn more about Laura by checking out her blog or visiting her on Facebook. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a serious and common condition that can lead to life- threatening diseases such as heart attack, stroke, heart or kidney failure, and more. While 1 in 3 American adults have high blood pressure, this condition only affects 3% or less of hunter- gatherer populations that are following a traditional diet and lifestyle. Much like high cholesterol, elevated blood pressure (even in the prehypertension stage) is a sure sign of other problems going on in the body. Low-sodium diet might not lower blood pressure Findings from large, 16-year study contradict sodium limits in Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Seven Day Healthy Meal Plan on the High Blood Pressure Diet DAY 1 Breakfast: Very Berry smoothie Lunch: Chicken Caesar Wrap Snack: Hummus and veggies. DASH diet: Healthy eating to lower your blood pressure. The DASH diet emphasizes portion size, eating a variety of foods and getting the right amount of nutrients. By addressing underlying issues with diet and lifestyle changes, you may be able to reduce your blood pressure without resorting to drug treatment. This article will address six dietary changes you can make to help lower your blood pressure naturally. Please defer to your doctor’s advice here!)These 6 simple diet changes can help lower your blood pressure without using drugs. Reduce excessive carbohydrate intake, especially refined carbs and sugars. One of the most significant contributors to high blood pressure is high blood sugar and insulin resistance. Chronically high blood sugar, hyperinsulinemia, and high triglycerides are far more common in individuals with hypertension than those with normal blood pressure, and one of the major contributors to all three of these conditions is an excess intake of carbohydrate, particularly refined grains and sugars. And don’t think switching to Diet will help either, since artificially- sweetened beverages also contribute to hypertension. Be sure to adjust your carbohydrate intake to your needs and health goals, and get your carbohydrates from nutrient- dense whole foods like fruits and starchy vegetables. Increase intake of beneficial minerals like potassium, magnesium, and calcium. While most conventional medical professionals will recommend sodium restriction as the primary method for blood pressure reduction, it appears that focusing on eating foods rich in other macrominerals is more beneficial than strictly focusing on avoiding sodium. Further, as Chris has shown in his series on the salt myth, restricting sodium to the levels recommended by the American Heart Association may actually be causing more harm than good. Click to expand table. I’ve included a chart of the Paleo foods richest in potassium to help guide you in increasing potassium intake (this chart is from the bonus chapter on hypertension from Chris’s new book, Your Personal Paleo Code; published in paperback as The Paleo Cure in December 2. Those with hypertension should aim to get at least 4,7. If you have hypertension and are unsure about the adequacy of your potassium intake, I recommend using a food diary for 3 days and analyzing your average potassium intake. Also, don’t go too low carb when reducing your carbohydrate intake – many of the best sources of potassium and magnesium are starchy vegetables like white and sweet potatoes, or fruits like plantains and bananas. White potatoes are especially good sources of blood pressure- lowering minerals like potassium and magnesium; hypothetically you could eat three large baked potatoes per day to easily meet your potassium needs while only consuming around 1. While eating a potato at each meal isn’t necessary to get adequate potassium, I do think those who eat “strict” Paleo should consider reintroducing white potatoes if tolerated. Also, those eating “strict” Paleo may be missing out on significant sources of calcium from dairy products, and calcium intake is another important predictor of high blood pressure and cardiovascular events. Keep a 3- day food diary to check on your intake; if you’re falling short of the minimum 6. Eat grass- fed dairy products like ghee, butter, and cheese. Beyond being a good source of calcium, full- fat grass- fed dairy has another contribution to the treatment of hypertension: vitamin K2. While this nutrient is hardly discussed by conventional medical professionals, preliminary data suggests K2 may be one of the most important nutrients to include in a disease- preventing diet. While there haven’t yet been any studies directly measuring K2’s effects on blood pressure, logic would suggest that this nutrient could help prevent high blood pressure by reducing vascular stiffness and arterial calcification. Pure Indian Foods is my favorite brand of ghee, but you can also eat butter, cheese, and full- fat yogurt or kefir from grass- fed cows to get adequate K2. All the more reason to drink full- fat kefir!)If you’re completely dairy intolerant or allergic, you can supplement with vitamin K2. My favorite supplement is one that contains the three fat soluble nutrients, A, D, and K2, in balanced form, which is the way these vitamins must be taken to support optimal health. If isolated nutrients aren’t your style, you can also take the Extra Virgin Cod Liver Oil from Rosita. Eat at least one pound of fatty fish per week. Fatty fish is high in essential omega- 3 fats, and these fats have been shown to reduce the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular events in multiple studies. Also, certain fatty fish like halibut and wild salmon are high in potassium, as seen in the chart above. This demonstrates the benefit of choosing whole- foods over supplements when it comes to preventing disease; many foods have multiple and possibly synergistic effects that can provide significant health benefits over supplements containing their individual components. Eating one pound (1. Drink tea. Habitual tea drinking may help reduce blood pressure, as demonstrated by research mostly conducted in regions where tea is a significant component of the daily diet. I recommend making a large jug of iced, unsweetened hibiscus tea and drinking it in place of water for at least 3 cups of fluid. Add a little honey or stevia if you prefer sweetness, but this tea is delicious on its own. Hawthorn tea may also be effective as a blood pressure- reducing beverage, and the plant has been used to treat heart disease as far back as the 1st century. Dosing guidelines have not been established, but three cups a day is recommended by some health professionals. Gotu kola tea may be another helpful tea in lowering blood pressure, specifically in the case of venous insufficiency. Again, three cups daily is the current recommendation for this tea. Finally, oolong and green tea may be beneficial for lowering high blood pressure. One study of more than 1,5. Eat more beets. Some researchers hypothesize that a major reason the DASH diet is beneficial for lowering blood pressure is that the content of inorganic nitrate in certain vegetables and fruits provides a physiologic substrate for reduction to nitrite, nitric oxide, and other metabolic products that produce vasodilation, decrease blood pressure, and support cardiovascular function. Beets are high in nitrates, which, as suggested above, may reduce blood pressure by improving vasodilation. Other foods high in nitrates include celeriac, Chinese cabbage, endive, fennel, kohlrabi, leek, parsley, celery, cress, chervil, lettuce, spinach, and rocket. If you’re looking for an even healthier form of beet juice, you can also drink beet kvass, which provides probiotics in addition to hypertension- fighting nitrates. It’s an acquired taste for sure, but one that might be helpful to acquire if you’re suffering from hypertension that hasn’t responded to a healthier diet and/or weight loss. Of course, there are many more recommendations for how to lower blood pressure, including strategic exercise, restful sleep, sun exposure, and meditation, yoga, or other stress management practices. There are also several different supplements that can aid in further lowering blood pressure once these dietary and lifestyle strategies have been made. Learn how to lower your blood pressure with these 8 foods. These health-related tips are brought to you by famous Today Show nutritionist, Joy Bauer. Add these 13 foods that lower blood pressure and hypertension are high in magnesium, potassium, and calcium for your ultimate high blood pressure diet. A heart-healthy diet is one that can help you lose weight or lower cholesterol, blood pressure or triglycerides. News evaluated some of the most popular. The DASH Diet Eating Plan US News & World Reports: Best and Healthiest Diet Plan. DASH Diet in the news. January 5, 2017.DASH Diet Ranked best diet for 7th year. If you aren't keen on pursuing a solely pharmaceutical approach for maintaining healthy blood pressure but still feel that you need more help than you can achieve. Follow the DASH Diet For an even bigger impact on blood pressure levels, try the DASH Diet, also known as Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension. Chris has written a great bonus chapter on high blood pressure in his new book, Your Personal Paleo Code (published in paperback as The Paleo Cure in December 2. Share your story in the comments below! Like what you’ve read? Sign up for FREE updates delivered to your inbox. I hate spam too. Your email is safe with me. Lowering Blood Pressure - A 1. Minute Heart Cure. By Dr. Mercola. Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a very serious health concern that can lead to heart disease and increased risk for stroke. The good news is, by optimizing your dietary intake, exercising, and effectively managing your stress, the odds of lowering your blood pressure are greatly in your favor. A list of supplementary articles is also included, if you desire further information. Hypertension is actually an easily treated condition, but one that can cause serious damage to your health if ignored. Your Diet Will Raise or Lower Your Blood Pressure. Are you on a high grain, low fat regimen? If so, I have bad news for you, because this nutritional combination is a prescription for hypertension and can absolutely devastate your health. So, chances are that if you have hypertension, you also have poorly controlled blood sugar levels, because these two problems often go hand in hand. As your insulin level elevates, so does your blood pressure. As explained by Dr. Rosedale, insulin stores magnesium. If your insulin receptors are blunted and your cells grow resistant to insulin, you can't store magnesium so it passes out of your body through urination. Magnesium stored in your cells relaxes muscles. If your magnesium level is too low, your blood vessels will constrict rather than relax, which will raise your blood pressure and decrease your energy level. Insulin also affects your blood pressure by causing your body to retain sodium. Sodium retention causes fluid retention. Fluid retention in turn causes high blood pressure and can ultimately lead to congestive heart failure. If your hypertension is the direct result of an out- of- control blood sugar level, then normalizing your blood sugar levels will also lower your blood pressure readings into the healthy range. Fructose Can Cause Your Blood Pressure to Skyrocket. The first thing you need to do is remove all grains and sugars from your diet, particularly fructose, until both your weight and your blood pressure have normalized. Eating sugars and grains - - including any type of bread, pasta, corn, potatoes, or rice - - will cause your insulin levels and your blood pressure to remain elevated. A study. 1 published earlier this year discovered that those who consumed 7. Hg. Uric acid drives up your blood pressure by inhibiting the nitric oxide in your blood vessels. Nitric oxide helps your vessels maintain their elasticity, so nitric oxide suppression leads to increases in blood pressure. In fact, 1. 7 out of 1. For more information on the connection between fructose, uric acid, and hypertension, please see this article that explains it in greater depth. I've also interviewed Dr. Since the average 1. ALONE would exceed your daily allotment. In his book, The Sugar Fix, Dr. Johnson includes detailed tables showing the fructose content in different foods, and I've included a sample of these values in the linked article. Additional Dietary Considerations. Normalize your omega 6: 3 ratio Both omega- 3 and omega- 6 fats are essential for your health. Most Americans, however, are getting too much omega- 6 in their diet and far too little omega- 3. Consuming omega- 3 fats is one of the best ways to re- sensitize your insulin receptors if you suffer from insulin resistance. Omega- 6 fats are found in corn, soy, canola, safflower and sunflower oil. If you're consuming a lot of these oils, you'll want to avoid or limit them. Omega- 3 fats are typically found in flaxseed oil, walnut oil and fish, with fish being by far the best source. Unfortunately, most fresh fish today contains dangerously high levels of mercury. Your best bet is to find a safe source of fish, or if this proves too difficult, supplement with a high quality krill oil, which has been found to be 4. Eliminate caffeine The connection between caffeine consumption and high blood pressure is not well understood, but there is ample evidence to indicate that if you have hypertension, coffee and other caffeinated drinks and foods can ex. Caffeine is a drug, and while it's entirely legal and widely consumed, it can have a powerful effect on your individual physiology. If you want to eliminate caffeine from your diet, try to do it gradually over a period of days or even weeks in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms like headaches. Consume Fermented Foods Differences in gut flora from one person to another appears to have a large effect on whether or not you develop heart disease. If your gut flora is not healthy, your risk is much greater for heart disease, as well as many other chronic health problems. The best way to optimize your gut flora is by including some naturally fermented foods in your diet, such as sauerkraut and other fermented vegetables, yogurt, kefir, and natto. An additional benefit of fermented foods is that some of them are excellent sources of vitamin K2, which is important for preventing arterial plaque buildup and heart disease. Use Exercise as a Drug. Physical activity is by far one of the most potent . Regardless of the primary reason you start an exercise program, your efforts will be rewarded in countless other ways. A comprehensive exercise regimen, such as my. Nearly every program should incorporate anaerobic sprint or burst- type exercises one to three times a week, as these have been shown to be even more effective than aerobic exercises at reducing your risk of dying from a heart attack. If you are insulin resistant, you'll definitely want to include weight training in your exercise program. When you work individual muscle groups, you increase blood flow to those muscles. Good blood flow will increase your insulin sensitivity. Depending on your physical condition when you embark on your exercise program, you may need to consult with a health care professional for help increasing to the intensity required to lower your insulin level. Exercise in combination with the supplement L- arginine has been shown to correct the abnormal functioning of blood vessels seen in people with chronic heart failure. However, I would view this more as a drug approach and not necessarily a supplement you would consider using for optimizing health in general. L- arginine probably works through its interaction with nitric oxide. I would consider it an adjunct, not a replacement, for coenzyme. Q1. 0, which is a well- proven therapy for heart failure. Optimize Your Vitamin D Levels. Believe it or not, the farther you live from the equator, the higher your risk of developing high blood pressure. And did you know that blood pressure is typically higher in winter months than in summer? Sunlight actually affects blood pressure in several ways: Sun exposure causes your body to produce vitamin D. Lack of sunlight reduces your vitamin D stores and increases parathyroid hormone production, which increases blood pressure. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to insulin resistance (IR) and Syndrome X (also known as Metabolic Syndrome), a group of health problems that can include IR, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, obesity, and high blood pressure. Vitamin D is also a negative inhibitor of your body's renin- angiotensin system (RAS), which regulates blood pressure. If you're vitamin D deficient, it can cause inappropriate activation of your RAS, which may lead to hypertension. Additionally, exposure to UV rays is thought to cause the release of endorphins, chemicals in your brain that produce feelings of euphoria and pain relief. Endorphins naturally relieve stress, and stress management is an important factor in resolving hypertension. Exposure to appropriate amounts of sunlight is a basic health requirement that extends far beyond blood pressure normalization. Vitamin D helps systems and organs throughout your body to function properly. Ideally, you'll want to get your vitamin D through safe exposure to sunshine or a safe tanning bed, but vitamin D3 supplements can also be used. Please do NOT let your doctor give you a . That is vitamin D2, which is synthetic, and not nearly as beneficial as the real vitamin D, which is D3 (cholecalciferol). I also recommend watching my free one- hour vitamin D lecture for more information about the incredible health benefits of this essential nutrient. As reported by ABC World News on September 1. In response, Dr. Kennedy developed a stress- relieving technique he calls . The technique is demonstrated in the ABC World News video above. EFT combines visualization with calm, relaxed breathing, while employing gentle tapping to . Using only supplements without modifying your lifestyle is an allopathic approach not very different from using drugs. In most instances, it is not likely to be effective. Once you have made some beneficial changes to your lifestyle, you can then consider some of the following supplements as a way to further enhance your health: Calcium and magnesium. Daily calcium and magnesium supplementation can be useful in lowering blood pressure, especially if yours is on the high end of high. However, if you avoid sugars and grains and eat for your Nutritional Type. Studies indicate that these vitamins can be helpful in lowering your blood pressure. Ideally, you'll want to get the right amount of both these nutrients through diet alone. If you decide you need a supplement, make sure to take a natural (not synthetic) form of vitamin E. You can tell what you're buying by carefully reading the label. Natural vitamin E is always listed as the . In one 2. 00. 8 study, supplementing with 1,0. LDL (. If you want to incorporate olive leaf extract as a natural adjunct to a nutritionally sound diet, you should look for fresh leaf liquid extracts for maximum synergistic potency. You can also prepare your own olive leaf tea by placing a large teaspoon of dried olive leaves in a tea ball or herb sack. Place it in about two quarts of boiling water and let it steep for three to 1. The tea should be a medium amber color when done. Acute Gastritis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology. Acute gastritis has a number of causes, including certain drugs; alcohol; bile; ischemia; bacterial, viral, and fungal infections; acute stress (shock); radiation; allergy and food poisoning; and direct trauma. The common mechanism of injury is an imbalance between the aggressive and the defensive factors that maintain the integrity of the gastric lining (mucosa). Acute erosive gastritis can result from an exposure to a variety of agents or factors. This is referred to as reactive gastritis. These agents/factors include nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), alcohol, cocaine, stress, radiation, bile reflux, and ischemia. The gastric mucosa exhibits hemorrhages, erosions, and ulcers. NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, are the most common agents associated with acute erosive gastritis. This results from both oral and systemic administration of these agents, either in therapeutic doses or in supratherapeutic doses. Because of gravity, the inciting agents lie on the greater curvature of the stomach. This partly explains the development of acute gastritis distally on or near the greater curvature of the stomach in the case of orally administered NSAIDs. However, the major mechanism of injury is the reduction in prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins are chemicals responsible for maintaining mechanisms that result in the protection of the mucosa from the injurious effects of the gastric acid. Long- term effects of such ingestions can include fibrosis and stricture formation. Bacterial infection is another cause of acute gastritis. The corkscrew- shaped bacterium called H pylori is the most common cause of gastritis. Suggestions for Anxiety Anxiety Suggestions. For a severe anxiety disorder, there is no option other than getting professional help. There are two main approaches to. Quality Care. Find out why Mayo Clinic is the right place for your health care. Make an appointment. Complications result from a chronic infection rather than from an acute infection. The prevalence of H pylori in otherwise healthy individuals varies depending on age, socioeconomic class, and country of origin. The infection is usually acquired in childhood. In the Western world, the number of people infected with H pylori increases with age. Evidence of H pylori infection can be found in 2. What is a peptic ulcer? A peptic ulcer is a sore in the inner lining of the stomach or upper small intestine. Ulcers form when the intestine or stomach's protective. Ulcers are caused by an increase in stomach acid and can cause pain and discomfort. See these Ulcer Symptoms, Diet and Natural Remedies for getting better. Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and. How the bacterium is transmitted is not entirely clear. Transmission is likely from person to person through the oral- fecal route or through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. This is why the prevalence is higher in lower socioeconomic classes and in developing countries. H pylori is associated with 6. There is no clear evidence to suggest that the stress of modern life or a steady diet of fast food causes ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, but they are. An ulcer is a lesion that develops on the skin or mucus membranes of the body. The symptoms are acute for. Peptic ulcer disease; Synonyms: Peptic ulcer, stomach ulcer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer: Deep gastric ulcer: Specialty: Gastroenterology, general surgery. H pylori gastritis typically starts as an acute gastritis in the antrum, causing intense inflammation, and over time, it may extend to involve the entire gastric mucosa resulting in chronic gastritis. The acute gastritis encountered with H pylori is usually asymptomatic. The bacterium imbeds itself in the mucous layer, a protective layer that coats the gastric mucosa. It protects itself from the acidity of the stomach through the production of large amounts of urease, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of urea to the alkaline ammonia and carbon dioxide. The alkaline ammonia neutralizes the gastric acid in the immediate vicinity of the bacterium conferring protection. H pylori also has flagella that enable it to move and help it to penetrate the mucous layer so that it comes into contact with gastric epithelial cells. It also has several adhesion molecules that help it to adhere to these cells. It produces inflammation by activating a number of toxins and enzymes that activate IL- 8, which eventually attracts polymorphs and monocytes that cause acute gastritis. Antigen- presenting cells activate lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells that lead to chronic superficial gastritis. The infection is established within a few weeks after the primary exposure to H pylori. It produces inflammation via the production of a number of toxins and enzymes. The intense inflammation can result in the loss of gastric glands responsible for the production of acid. This is referred to as atrophic gastritis. Consequently, gastric acid production drops. The virulence genotype of the microbe is an important determinant for the severity of the gastritis and the formation of intestinal metaplasia, the transformation of gastric epithelium. This transformation can lead to gastric cancer. Reactive gastropathy is the second most common diagnosis made on gastric biopsy specimens after H pylori gastritis. This entity is believed to be secondary to bile reflux and was originally reported after partial gastrectomy (Billroth I or II). It is now considered to represent a nonspecific response to a variety of other gastric irritants. Helicobacter heilmanii is a gram- negative, tightly spiraled, helical- shaped organism with 5- 7 turns. The prevalence of H heilmanii is extremely low (0. The source of H heilmanii infection is unclear, but animal contact is thought to be the means of transmission. Tuberculosis is a rare cause of gastritis, but an increasing number of cases have developed in patients who are immunocompromised. Gastritis caused by tuberculosis is generally associated with pulmonary or disseminated disease. Secondary syphilis of the stomach is a rare cause of gastritis. Phlegmonous gastritis is an uncommon form of gastritis caused by numerous bacterial agents, including streptococci, staphylococci, Proteus species, Clostridium species, and Escherichia coli. Phlegmonous gastritis usually occurs in individuals who are debilitated. It is associated with a recent large intake of alcohol, a concomitant upper respiratory tract infection, and AIDS. Phlegmonous means a diffuse spreading inflammation of or within the connective tissue. In the stomach, it implies infection of the deeper layers of the stomach (submucosa and muscularis). As a result, purulent bacterial infection may lead to gangrene. Phlegmonous gastritis is rare. The clinical diagnosis is usually established in the operating room, as these patients present with an acute abdominal emergency requiring immediate surgical exploration. Without appropriate therapy, it can progress to peritonitis and death. Viral infections can cause gastritis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral cause of gastritis. It is usually encountered in individuals who are immunocompromised, including those with cancer, immunosuppression, transplants, and AIDS. Gastric involvement can be localized or diffuse. Fungal infections that cause gastritis include Candida albicans and histoplasmosis. Gastric phycomycosis is another rare lethal fungal infection. The common predisposing factor is immunosuppression. C albicans rarely involves the gastric mucosa. When isolated in the stomach, the most common locations tend to be within a gastric ulcer or an erosion bed. It is generally of little consequence. Disseminated histoplasmosis can involve the stomach. The usual presenting clinical feature is bleeding from gastric ulcers or erosions on giant gastric folds. Parasitic infections are rare causes of gastritis. Anisakidosis is caused by a nematode that embeds itself in the gastric mucosa along the greater curvature. Anisakidosis is acquired by eating contaminated sushi and other types of contaminated raw fish. It often causes severe abdominal pain that subsides within a few days. This nematode infection is associated with gastric fold swelling, erosions, and ulcers. Ulcero- hemorrhagic gastritis is most commonly seen in patients who are critically ill. Ulcero- hemorrhagic gastritis is believed to be secondary to ischemia related to hypotension and shock or to the release of vasoconstrictive substances, but the etiology is often unknown. The gastric mucosa reveals multiple petechiae, mostly in the fundus and body, or exhibits a diffusely hemorrhagic pattern. The gross pathology may resemble that of NSAID- or other ingestion- induced gastritis, except that the location of injury is different. This form of gastritis can be life- threatening if the patient experiences hemorrhaging and may even require emergency gastrectomy. Inflammatory bowel disease and microscopic colitis appear to be inversely associated with H pylori infection. Focally enhancing gastritis is now recognized as a condition seen in both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Eosinophilic gastritis is often seen in conjunction with eosinophilic gastroenteritis but can be associated with various disorders, including food allergies (eg, cow milk, soy protein), collagen vascular diseases, parasitic infections, gastric cancer, lymphoma, Crohn disease, vasculitis, drug allergies, and H pylori infections. An eosinophilic infiltrate is seen involving the gastric wall or epithelium. The Old School 'Steak and Eggs' Diet for Fat Loss, Balanced Energy, and Increased Testosterone. When it comes to burning body fat simplicity is often overlooked in favor of needlessly complicated systems and plans for losing weight. People will needlessly try to count calories, mix and match several different ingredients to “activate their fat- burning” abilities, eliminate all high calorie foods, or drink nothing but juice for a week. And they end up right back where they started – with unwanted body fat! Well, I am here to tell you there is an easier way, a simpler way, and a funner way. It's called . For meal #1 you eat 3/4 lb to 1 1/2 pounds of steak and 4- 6 eggs. For meal #2 you eat the exact same thing. Cook your Steak and Eggs in butter, as much butter as you want, and season with salt and pepper. Prepare your eggs any way you like, fried, scrambled, sunny side up, poached, or hard boiled. No carbohydrates, no vegetables, no other foods, no snacks, no drinks except water, black coffee and unsweetened tea. Every 6th day is a cheat day and you can eat whatever you want. Ice cream, pies, alcohol, Mc. Donalds – nothing is off limits. That's 5 days of Steak and Eggs and one day of glorious gluttony. Repeat until lean. Isn't it hard to eat only Steak and Eggs? It is only mentally hard. Physically you feel great on this diet. Once you get past the mental aspect of eating the same thing it's as easy as going to Mc. Donalds and ordering a #3 supersized with a coke. Won't I be hungry all the time if I just eat two meals of Steak and Eggs? At first maybe. After you get used to it you will not even notice hunger. Fat and protein are very satiating and fulfilling. If you are on a Low-Carb diet you don't need to be counting calories. The only thing you should be counting are the carbs. That's a mistake a lot of people make when. The Old School Steak and Eggs Ketogenic diet for fatloss and balanced energy. It is when we eat carbohydrates that our bodies signal us to eat more and more. Everyone knows the joke about being hungry 3. Chinese food – because it is mostly rice and other carbohydrates. Fat and protein provide long lasting energy. Someone can sit around and snack on carbohydrates like potato chips and cookies all day but you cannot snack on steak all day because you will get full. But isn't Steak and Eggs cooked in Butter high in fat and unhealthy? Celebrity trainer Chris Powell suggests a diet which cycles between low-carb days and high-carb days. Get started on his plan by printing the grocery list for his plan. Having a clear understanding of the foods you can eat while eating Paleo will help you design your daily meal plan. Always remember to keep things simple when. Quick Tips to Get Started on The Wild Diet. Here’s how to get started now on The Wild Diet. Eat as many green and colorful veggies as you’d like – they should. Complete list of foods to eat and avoid on a ketogenic diet. Includes carb counts in common keto-friendly foods. It is high in fat, yes. Unhealthy, no. What you don't hear on the nightly news is that saturated fat is essential for health, vitality and testosterone. You can simply take a look around you and notice how many obese people avoid fat like it is evil incarnate. Well that's just plain untrue. Fat is essential for maintaining a lean weight. You need to eat fat because fat provides steady energy throughout the day. When you don't eat fat you simply keep eating (in humans it's called snacking, in animals it's called grazing). All grazing animals are fat and all snacking humans are fat. How does the Steak and Eggs diet burn body fat? The Steak and Eggs diet is a ketogenic diet. That means it is a high- fat, moderate protein, zero carbohydrate diet. Harvard study found that men and women eating low carb diets live significantly shorter lives, but what about the "eco-Atkins diet," a plant-based, low carbohydrate diet? What is a low carb diet, really? When can a low carb diet be beneficial? Should everyone follow a low carb diet? Or, can a low carb diet ruin your health? When carbohydrates are eliminated as a source of energy your body is forced to burn fat as fuel. For the ketogenic diet to work you must eat high fat and not eat carbohydrates. How does the Steak and Eggs diet give you balanced energy? On the Steak and Eggs diet you do not consume any carbohydrates. When you eat carbohydrates you spike your insulin which results in bursts of energy and fatigue. Everyone at the office knows of the after lunch slump when all you want to do is sleep. That is because of the carbohydrates consumed at lunch. When you eliminate the carbohydrates you eliminate the insulin spikes and your energy stays steady throughout the day. How does the Steak and Eggs diet increase testosterone? Simple. Fat and cholesterol are the building blocks of testosterone and must be consumed in order to naturally increase testosterone. Can I eat other meats besides Steak? Well then it wouldn't be the Steak and Eggs diet would it? If you need to replace a meal here or there with another meat it is no problem, but keep the bulk of the diet Steak, Eggs and butter. Won't I be missing out on essential vitamins and minerals if I am not eating vegetables? Let's see. 3 ounces of beef provides the same amount of Iron as 2 3/4 cups of raw spinach. Zinc. 4 ounces of beef gives you 4. Selenium. 4 ounces of beef gives your nearly 5. B1. 2 and 2. 5% of your daily requirement of vitamin B6. Beef is one of the healthiest foods you can eat. Eggs contain Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium. How long should I do the steak and eggs diet? As long as you want to or need to. Who is the Steak and Eggs diet for? Anyone who wants to naturally burn some body fat, lose weight, have steady energy and increase testosterone. Rules to Remember: Don't be afraid of eating fat! You MUST eat high fat in order for this diet to work. If you eat zero carbohydrates and low fat your body will go into what it called Rabbit Starvation (or protein poisoning). Protein by itself is toxic and must be accompanied by carbohydrates or fats. Never give in and snack on “just one”. It is never just one, it will always lead to more and more until eventually you've eaten the whole box. Alcohol is off limits while on the Steak and Eggs diet. Remember, five days in a row of Steak and Eggs, one day of high carbohydrates, lower fat cheat day. You will notice after your carbohydrates cheat day you will look great in the mirror. That is because your muscles may look flat and depleted while on a ketogenic diet, when you eat carbohydrates they fill up with water and look spectacular. More reading: Check out more Zero Carb Diet Tips here. Update: Want my favorite Steak and Eggs recipe plus three additional recipes for a lean and mean body? Click here to get them delivered free. Juice Plus - Wikipedia. Juice Plus+ is a branded line of dietary supplements containing concentrated fruit and vegetable juice extracts fortified with added vitamins and nutrients. It is produced by Natural Alternatives International of San Marcos, California, for National Safety Associates (NSA; Collierville, Tennessee). Introduced in 1. 99. Although Juice Plus claims its products' efficacy is backed by research, critics have argued that there is no scientific proof that Juice Plus offers significant health benefits and that deceptive claims are used in the product's marketing information. Some marketing claims made about Juice Plus products have been disputed by consumer watchdog organizations and governmental agencies as misleading. Previously, since its foundation in 1. NSA had been known for other products such as water filters, air filters, fire- protection equipment and educational games for pre- schoolers. Juice Plus capsules are “enriched with pure . Testing included amounts of selected index elements, their ability to disintegrate in solution per United States Pharmacopeia guidelines, lead contamination threshold set in California Proposition 6. U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling requirements. Consumer. Lab responded that their analytic method used was ICP- MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), a . Consumer. Lab also noted that the calcium deficiency in Juice Plus was confirmed with this method in two independent laboratories prior to publication of their Review. Doubts have been raised about the advertised benefits of Juice Plus by Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, University of California Berkeley, Center for Science in the Public Interest, and other sources. Some studies have shown significant increases in vitamin E. Juice Plus was found to increase blood lycopene levels in several studies. Three studies which included chemical analyses of Juice Plus have indicated nutrient amounts that differ from the amounts listed on the product labels. William Sears (a distributor of Juice Plus products), which implied that Juice Plus Gummies were low in sugar and a nutritional alternative to fruits and vegetables. This claim resulted in consumer complaints to the Better Business Bureau's National Advertising Division (NAD). The BBB issued a complaint that NSA's claims were misleading, and as a result, NSA promised to modify its ads and stop calling Gummies “the next best thing to fruits and vegetables”. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to “halt the marketing of NSA's Juice Plus Orchard Blend and Garden Blend capsules because the products appear to be adulterated and misbranded”. According to the panel, the “clear message” in the ads was that Juice Plus tablets/capsules are “equivalent to fruits and vegetables” and that “consuming Juice Plus tablets would help Australians to consume the . NSA was sanctioned by the Council to withdraw any representations that the products “are equivalent to fruits and vegetables or that their consumption can aid in meeting dietary recommendations relating to fruits and vegetables.” . Other studies conducted under more rigorous conditions (randomized, double- blind, placebo- controlled, longer in duration and with more subjects), found no significant reductions in lipid peroxidation. The study was originally sponsored by NSA, but because the results were disappointing, NSA officials elected to remove the company’s name from the published article. Cassileth, Chair and Chief of Integrative Medicine at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, cautioned that while Juice Plus is being . In October 2. 00. Dr. Cassileth, Chair and Chief of Integrative Medicine at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, noted that the results of Juice Plus studies on plasma homocysteine levels were not reproducible, and that studies on cardiovascular effects, such as blood pressure and cholesterol, were inconclusive. Whether you're looking to lose weight or just want a way to get rid of that nasty cold, eHow has all the answers you're looking for. Boost vitality, mood and focus with the remarkable JUMPSTART EX Energy, Mood Support Supplement. Try a no-obligation free sample. Garcinia Cambogia extract diet pills are unregulated and can potentially cause harmful and dangerous side effects. Kmart has a great selection of health supplies. Get wellness supplies to help find relief and feel better. Natasha Campbell-McBride discusses how the Gut and Psychology Syndrome or GAPS program can help treat autism, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Find patient medical information for NICKEL on WebMD including its uses, effectiveness, side effects and safety, interactions, user ratings and products that have it. One study found that Juice Plus had no significant effects. Juice Plus had no significant effect on cell counts (NK cells, T- helper cells, or cytotoxic T cells) or on the levels of IL- 6, TNF- . Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center noted several faults with this study including that it lacked placebo controls and was not blinded, that the results do not necessarily correlate with an overall increase in immunity, and that it would have been more informative had clinical parameters been measured, such as whether fewer patients became sick. The levels of other cytokines (IL- 4, IL- 6, TGF- . The study was funded by NSA, owners of Juice Plus and the sponsor participated in the design of the study. The first of these studies (in 2. Juice Plus. In the third study, from 2. Juice Plus regimen (a combination of Orchard Blend, Garden Blend, and Vineyard Blend). The liver injury was reversed upon discontinuation of Juice Plus. Conflicts of interest in studies. In a critique of Juice Plus. Wise, who later co- authored several other Juice Plus research studies. Morin was a scientific advisor who helped design the products. State and federal enforcement actions. Barrett noted that Wise was also an NAI shareholder and that production of Juice Plus for National Safety Associates (NSA) was responsible for 1. NAIs sales in 1. 99. NSAs Juice Plus website cites various research articles in support of the company's marketing claims about the biological effects of Juice Plus, maintaining that these “studies were conducted by independent researchers” at various universities. Simpson. University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter. Simpson, known commonly as . In March 1. 99. 4, Simpson was videotaped telling 4,0. Juice Plus distributors at a sales meeting that the product had cured his arthritis, improved his golf game, and freed him from using anti- arthritic drugs. The foundation is chaired by executives of National Safety Associates and operates from the company's head office in Collierville, Tennessee. In fiscal year 2. Volunteers of America (a faith- based social welfare organization) and to the Boys & Girls Clubs of Memphis. The University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter and Stephen Barrett of MLM Watch questioned the survey's scientific value, and claimed that the Foundation is being used mainly as a marketing gimmick to get families to buy Juice Plus products. June 2. 01. 1. Retrieved 1. August 2. 01. 1. Retrieved 2. Consumer Reports. January 2. 00. 6. Archived from the original on 2. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a long-term condition where stomach contents come back up into the esophagus resulting in either. Juice Plus was NSA's first nutritional product. Previously, since its foundation in 1970, NSA had been known for other products such as water filters, air. OFFICIALS TRYING TO END FLOW OF AN ILLEGAL DIET PILL FROM MEXICO By ROBERT REINHOLD, Special to the New York Times Published: February 19, 1987. MSN Health and Fitness has fitness, nutrition and medical information for men and women that will help you get active, eat right and improve your overall wellbeing. University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter. Archived from the original(PDF) on October 1. Retrieved December 1. Clarke (January 1. Kansas State University, Dept. Archived from the original on 2. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. The Commercial Appeal. News. Library. com. June 3. 0, 1. 99. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Archived from the original on 2. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Form 1. 0- K (7/3. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. The Journal of Nutrition. PMID 1. 46. 08. 10. Curr Ther Res. 5. J Hum Nutr Diet. Archived from the original on 2. August 2. 00. 7. Retrieved 2. November 2. 01. 4. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Schweizerhall Pharma. Archived from the original on 1. June 2. 00. 8. Retrieved 2. November 2. 01. 4. June 2. 01. 1. Retrieved 1. August 2. 01. 1. 1. June 2. 01. 1. Retrieved 1. August 2. 01. 1. Company Profile. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. The prosecution mentions Juice Plus, and sales are up. San Diego Union- Tribune. San Diego Union- Tribune. Nutritional. Business. Journal. com. Retrieved 2. National Safety Associates. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center. November 2. 7, 2. Retrieved May 2. 01. University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter. Retrieved 2. 00. 6- 1. The Diet Channel. Retrieved 2. 00. 6- 1. The Skeptic. 2. 0 (4): 2. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2. Nutrition Action Healthletter. Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). Retrieved 2. 00. 8- 0. Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter. S1,4. ISSN 1. 52. Louis Post- Dispatch. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. PMID 1. 27. 67. 65. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. PMID 1. 51. 90. 04. The Journal of Nutrition. PMID 1. 28. 40. 17. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. PMID 1. 67. 75. 55. The Journal of Nutrition. PMID 1. 69. 88. 13. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. PMID 1. 77. 04. 02. The Journal of Nutrition. PMID 1. 80. 29. 49. J Am Diet Association. Utah student uses gummy bears in research. Daily Utah Chronicle. High Beam Research. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Clin Chem Lab Med. PMID 1. 65. 99. 83. Environmental Nutrition. Consumer. Lab. com. The Tan Sheet. FDC Reports. December 1. 7, 2. Consumer Reports. Archived from the original on 2. Retrieved 2. 00. 6- 1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved 2. 0 July 2. Complaints Resolution Panel; Therapeutic Goods Advertising Code Council. Archived from the original on 2. Retrieved 2. 00. 8- 0. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. PMID 1. 50. 19. 96. February 2. 7, 2. Retrieved October 3. PMID 1. 99. 47. 35. Circulation. 1. 12 (1. PMID 1. 62. 75. 87. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. PMID 1. 27. 67. 65. Retrieved May 2. 01. Yale Daily News. Retrieved May 2. British Journal of Nutrition. PMC 3. 02. 31. 45 . PMID 2. 07. 27. 23. PMC 2. 17. 61. 51 . PMID 1. 82. 27. 91. PMID 2. 01. 02. 97. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Trading on names. N Engl J Med. 3. 15 (1. PMID 3. 76. 26. 04. Ann Intern Med. 1. PMID 3. 59. 24. 22. N Engl J Med. 3. 15 (1. PMID 3. 76. 26. 03. Bibcode: 1. 98. 6Sci.. H. PMID 3. 77. 53. Money (June 1). National Safety Associates. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Int J Food Sci Nutr. Simpson did it, this is how. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Defendant jokes about punching wives. Fort Worth Star- Telegram. San Jose Mercury News. February 1. 7, 1. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Simpson's book - - 'If I Did It' reads like a self- absorbed counseling session. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Chavez official reporter). October 2. 4, 1. 99. Archived from the original on February 8, 2. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Chavez official reporter). January 6, 1. 99. Archived from the original on February 9, 2. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Nephrolithiasis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy. Guidelines on urolithiasis. European Association of Urology. Available at http: //uroweb. EAU- Guidelines- Urolithiasis- 2. Accessed: May 1. 6, 2. Scales CD Jr, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS, Urologic Diseases in America Project. Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States. Urologic diseases in America project: urolithiasis. Evan AP, Coe FL, Lingeman JE, Shao Y, Sommer AJ, Bledsoe SB, et al. Mechanism of formation of human calcium oxalate renal stones on Randall's plaque. Anat Rec (Hoboken). Chandhoke PS. Evaluation of the recurrent stone former. Urol Clin North Am. Borghi L, Schianchi T, Meschi T, Guerra A, Allegri F, Maggiore U, et al. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med. 2. 00. Jan 1. 0. 3. 46(2): 7. Russinko PJ, Agarwal S, Choi MJ, Kelty PJ. Obstructive nephropathy secondary to sulfasalazine calculi. Thomas A, Woodard C, Rovner ES, Wein AJ. Urologic complications of nonurologic medications. Urol Clin North Am. Whelan C, Schwartz BF. Bilateral guaifenesin ureteral calculi. Worcester EM, Coe FL. Nephrolithiasis. 3. Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Tasian GE, Copelovitch L. Evaluation and medical management of kidney stones in children. Moore CL, Bomann S, Daniels B, Luty S, Molinaro A, Singh D, et al. Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for uncomplicated ureteral stone- -the STONE score: retrospective and prospective observational cohort studies. Mar 2. 6. Symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm misdiagnosed as nephroureterolithiasis. Ann Vasc Surg. Lindqvist K, Hellstr. Immediate versus deferred radiological investigation after acute renal colic: a prospective randomized study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. Bove P, Kaplan D, Dalrymple N, Rosenfield AT, Verga M, Anderson K, et al. Reexamining the value of hematuria testing in patients with acute flank pain. Pt 1): 6. 85- 7. Press SM, Smith AD. Incidence of negative hematuria in patients with acute urinary lithiasis presenting to the emergency room with flank pain. Dundee P, Bouchier- Hayes D, Haxhimolla H, Dowling R, Costello A. Renal tract calculi: comparison of stone size on plain radiography and noncontrast spiral CT scan. Jackman SV, Potter SR, Regan F, Jarrett TW. Plain abdominal x- ray versus computerized tomography screening: sensitivity for stone localization after nonenhanced spiral computerized tomography. Pais VM Jr, Payton AL, La. Grange CA. Urolithiasis in pregnancy. Urol Clin North Am. Jindal G, Ramchandani P. Acute flank pain secondary to urolithiasis: radiologic evaluation and alternate diagnoses. Radiol Clin North Am. Middleton WD, Dodds WJ, Lawson TL, Foley WD. Renal calculi: sensitivity for detection with US. Cauni V, Multescu R, Geavlete P, Geavlete B. Chirurgia (Bucur). Nov- Dec. 1. 03(6): 6. Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, Holleman JH, Roush TS, Kowalchuk GJ, et al. Prevention of contrast- induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. May 1. 9. 2. 91(1. Gdor Y, Faddegon S, Krambeck AE, et al. Multi- institutional assessment of ureteroscopic laser papillotomy for chronic flank pain associated with papillary calcifications. Neville A, Hatem SF. Renal medullary carcinoma: unsuspected diagnosis at stone protocol CT. Emerg Radiol. 1. 4(4): 2. Dusseault BN, Croce KJ, Pais VM Jr. Radiographic characteristics of sulfadiazine urolithiasis. Kishore TA, Pedro RN, Hinck B, Monga M. Estimation of size of distal ureteral stones: noncontrast CT scan versus actual size. Narepalem N, Sundaram CP, Boridy IC, Yan Y, Heiken JP, Clayman RV. Comparison of helical computerized tomography and plain radiography for estimating urinary stone size. Katz DS, Lane MJ, Sommer FG. Unenhanced helical CT of ureteral stones: incidence of associated urinary tract findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Smith RC, Verga M, Dalrymple N, Mc. Carthy S, Rosenfield AT. Acute ureteral obstruction: value of secondary signs of helical unenhanced CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Smergel E, Greenberg SB, Crisci KL, Salwen JK. CT urograms in pediatric patients with ureteral calculi: do adult criteria work? Pediatr Radiol. 3. Baumgarten DA, Francis IR, Casalino DD, et al; American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Available at http: //www. Accessed: April 1. Sudah M, Vanninen R, Partanen K, Heino A, Vainio P, Ala- Opas M. MR urography in evaluation of acute flank pain: T2- weighted sequences and gadolinium- enhanced three- dimensional FLASH compared with urography. Fast low- angle shot. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Surgical Management of Stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society Guideline. American Urological Association. Available at https: //www. Accessed: May 1. 6, 2. Mariappan P, Loong CW. Midstream urine culture and sensitivity test is a poor predictor of infected urine proximal to the obstructing ureteral stone or infected stones: a prospective clinical study. Pt 1): 2. 14. 2- 5. St Lezin M, Hofmann R, Stoller ML. Pyonephrosis: diagnosis and treatment. Jeffrey RB, Laing FC, Wing VW, Hoddick W. Sensitivity of sonography in pyonephrosis: a reevaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Schneider K, Helmig FJ, Eife R, Belohradsky BH, Kohn MM, Devens K, et al. Pyonephrosis in childhood- -is ultrasound sufficient for diagnosis? Pediatr Radiol. 1. Fultz PJ, Hampton WR, Totterman SM. Computed tomography of pyonephrosis. Abdom Imaging. Wu TT, Lee YH, Tzeng WS, Chen WC, Yu CC, Huang JK. The role of C- reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the diagnosis of infected hydronephrosis and pyonephrosis. Wen CC, Nakada SY. Treatment selection and outcomes: renal calculi. Urol Clin North Am. Labrecque M, Dostaler LP, Rousselle R, Nguyen T, Poirier S. Efficacy of nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs in the treatment of acute renal colic. A meta- analysis. Arch Intern Med. 1. Jun 2. 7. 1. 54(1. Larkin GL, Peacock WF 4th, Pearl SM, Blair GA, D'Amico F. Efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine versus meperidine in the ED treatment of acute renal colic. Am J Emerg Med. Cooper JT, Stack GM, Cooper TP. Intensive medical management of ureteral calculi. Dellabella M, Milanese G, Muzzonigro G. Efficacy of tamsulosin in the medical management of juxtavesical ureteral stones. Pt 1): 2. 20. 2- 5. Dellabella M, Milanese G, Muzzonigro G. Randomized trial of the efficacy of tamsulosin, nifedipine and phloroglucinol in medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral calculi. Porpiglia F, Ghignone G, Fiori C, Fontana D, Scarpa RM. Nifedipine versus tamsulosin for the management of lower ureteral stones. Does tamsulosin enhance lower ureteral stone clearance with or without shock wave lithotripsy? Porpiglia F, Destefanis P, Fiori C, Fontana D. Effectiveness of nifedipine and deflazacort in the management of distal ureter stones. Porpiglia F, Destefanis P, Fiori C, Scarpa RM, Fontana D. Role of adjunctive medical therapy with nifedipine and deflazacort after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of ureteral stones. Yilmaz E, Batislam E, Basar MM, Tuglu D, Ferhat M, Basar H. The comparison and efficacy of 3 different alpha. Hollingsworth JM, Rogers MA, Kaufman SR, Bradford TJ, Saint S, Wei JT, et al. Medical therapy to facilitate urinary stone passage: a meta- analysis. Sep 3. 0. 3. 68(9. Singh A, Alter HJ, Littlepage A. A systematic review of medical therapy to facilitate passage of ureteral calculi. Ann Emerg Med. 5. Beach MA, Mauro LS. Pharmacologic expulsive treatment of ureteral calculi. Ann Pharmacother. Jul- Aug. 4. 0(7- 8): 1. Ferre RM, Wasielewski JN, Strout TD, Perron AD. Tamsulosin for ureteral stones in the emergency department: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 5. Pickard R, Starr K, Mac. Lennan G, Lam T, Thomas R, Burr J, et al. Medical expulsive therapy in adults with ureteric colic: a multicentre, randomised, placebo- controlled trial. Jul 2. 5. 3. 86 (9. Alpha blockers for treatment of ureteric stones: systematic review and meta- analysis. December 2. 01. 6. Forced versus minimal intravenous hydration in the management of acute renal colic: a randomized trial. Flexible nephroscopy during PCNL a 'favorable' choice. Medscape Medical News. January 2. 1, 2. 01. Available at http: //www. Accessed: February 6, 2. G. Routine Flexible Nephroscopy for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Renal Stones with Low Density: A Prospective Randomized Study. Chapter 1: AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculi: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Ramakumar S, Segura JW. Renal calculi. Percutaneous management. Urol Clin North Am. Pareek G, Hedican SP, Lee FT Jr, Nakada SY. Shock wave lithotripsy success determined by skin- to- stone distance on computed tomography. Fankhauser CD, Kranzb. Long- term Adverse Effects of Extracorporeal Shock- wave Lithotripsy for Nephrolithiasis and Ureterolithiasis: A Systematic Review. Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy Falling Out of Favor. Medscape Medical News. Available at http: //www. June 4, 2. 01. 5; Accessed: September 2. Song T, Liao B, Zheng S, Wei Q. Meta- analysis of postoperatively stenting or not in patients underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Afane JS, Olweny EO, Bercowsky E, Sundaram CP, Dunn MD, Shalhav AL, et al. Flexible ureteroscopes: a single center evaluation of the durability and function of the new endoscopes smaller than 9. Fr. 1. 64 (4): 1. Ho CC, Hee TG, Hong GE, Singam P, Bahadzor B, Md Zainuddin Z. Outcomes and Safety of Retrograde Intra- Renal Surgery for Renal Stones Less Than 2 cm in Size. Nephrourol Mon. 2. Spring. 4 (2): 4. Wen J, Xu G, Du C, Wang B. Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery with flexible ureteroscope for partial staghorn calculi: A randomised controlled trial. Dede O, Sancaktutar AA, Da. Ultra- mini- percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric nephrolithiasis: Both low pressure and high efficiency. J Pediatr Urol. 2. Apr 2. 8. Khalaf I, Salih E, El- Mallah E, Farghal S, Abdel- Raouf A. 2 VEGAN BAKED GOODS. Just because a baked good is vegan doesn’t mean it’s healthy. Popular vegan diet books, restaurants and bakeries endorse vegan cookies, cakes. Why Is the 21 Day Fix Diet Blowing Up Online—and Does It Actually Work? We decode those colorful containers for you. By Krissy Brady January 26, 2016. Freshware 15-Pack 3 Compartment Bento Lunch Boxes with Lids - Stackable, Reusable, Microwave, Dishwasher & Freezer Safe - Meal Prep, Portion Control, 21 Day Fix. A high-fiber diet has many benefits, which include: Normalizes bowel movements. Dietary fiber increases the weight and size of your stool and softens it. An honest 21 Day Fix Review with my results, before and after photos and more. I loved the workouts and the focus on portion control. This edition of Fit Friday is. Getting Portion Sizes Back Under Control - Diet and Nutrition Center. Over one- third of U. S. What we eat certainly contributes to America's obesity epidemic, but how much we eat and our lack of portion control may be even more important factors. How I use the 21 Day Fix as a lifestyle plan. I use the Fix plan as a guideline to give me some structure and keep me on track. I don't use the containers to measure. My 21 day fix portion control containers sizes diet guide & meal planning for the week. Click for shopping list & eating plan! The bottom line: We are eating too much! With free soda refills and supersized French fries lurking around every corner, it's no wonder we have trouble controlling how much we eat. But if you want to control your weight, you must exhibit portion control. What Is Portion Control? Practicing portion control can help you lose weight and eat a healthy diet. But how much is too much? Use this pictorial guide from WebMD to gauge serving sizes. Portion control is key for healthy eating. Learn how to eat less at meals and avoid overeating in between. A portion is just another word for the serving or amount of a food. The actual serving size of any given food you eat, whether you make it at home or order it in a restaurant, may be many times the portion amount suggested by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines. That means you may easily be eating more calories than you think and more than you need to maintain a healthy weight. Too much of any food, even if you're eating a diet of only healthy food, can cause weight gain. Related: 1. 3 Secrets to Portion Control. Portion control means knowing the size of an average portion of common foods and, to avoid gaining weight, making sure that your portions don't add up to more food than you need to eat every day. The more you eat, the more calories you consume. If you eat a small steak or a large chicken breast at a meal, you may have all the meat you need for the entire day. Also, a 2,0. 00- calorie diet isn't appropriate for everyone; that may be too much for you. How many calories you need to consume per day depends on your existing weight, height, and how active you are. To find out how many calories per day you need, visit the USDA's food pyramid Web site to get a more personalized breakdown of portion sizes right for you. Portion Control: Recognizing Portion Sizes. It's not practical to think that you can weigh every food you put on your plate. What you can do, however, is learn to recognize what key portion sizes look like, so help you know the right amount to serve yourself or eat at a restaurant. Use the same size plates and bowls at each meal so that you can get use to what proper portion sizes look like on each dish. Develop visual cues by matching portion sizes to familiar items. A three- ounce serving of meat is the size of a deck of cards or a bar of soap. A medium potato is about equal to a computer mouse. A half- cup of rice would just about fill a regular- sized cupcake wrapper. One ounce of cheese is about the size of four dice. Sandwich meat should be equivalent to the thickness of one standard slice of whole wheat bread. Vegetables should be twice the thickness of the meat. Eyeball food portions based on the amount of room they take up on a dinner plate. For example, on an 8- to 1. The plate should not be overflowing and you should see some of the plate between the servings. Portion Control When Eating Out. Controlling portion size when eating out can be a challenge because, in general, restaurant servings are considerably bigger than recommended portion sizes. Also, it depends on the size of the plate, how much cheese is hidden inside the dish and so on. Roberts, Ph. D, professor in the nutrition and psychiatry departments at Tufts University in Boston and author of The Instinct Diet (Workman). Lona Sandon, RD, assistant professor in the Department of Clinical Nutrition at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas offers these tips: Choose from the children's menu, if the restaurant lets you. This is particularly good to do with deli sandwiches, which are almost always twice the size a person needs, says Sandon. With careful portion control you can have your cake and eat it, too. Just be sure to do it in moderation! Pregnancy Week 3. By pregnancy week 3, it has been three weeks since your last menstrual period. If you ovulated last week and egg met sperm, you are officially pregnant. Congratulations! Many women don’t realize that they’ve conceived until next week – when they miss their period. You probably aren't noticing many changes except for some slight bloating which is also a premenstrual symptom. Amazing things are taking place inside your womb this week. At the beginning of pregnancy week 3, the fertilized egg is one single cell (zygote). Four days after fertilization, the egg will divide into a ball of 5. By the end of the week, the ball of cells will divide into 1. The blastocyst will be making its way into your uterus, where it will imbed itself and your baby will grow for the next nine months. The level of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (h. CG) may not be high enough yet. A normal pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks and is grouped into three stages, or trimesters. Pregnancy may only last nine months, but what a full, and sometimes confusing, time it can be! Find out which foods you should eat, which medications you. At Pregnancy Week 21 you are taking the first step into the second half. Use Pregnancy Week 21 and the rest of the 20s to get things done for the baby. Congratulations, you're 21 weeks pregnant! Emma's Diary explains everything you need to know about your pregnancy health and your baby's development at twenty one. Learn about your baby's week by week development during your pregnancy. From ovulation to delivery, explore your little one's progress and what you should expect on. Week 2: Ovulation occurs. For the best chances of getting pregnant, have sex one to two days before your expected ovulation date. What to do now. After implantation, the level of h. CG will quickly increase, doubling its amount every few days. So, if you first test negative with a home pregnancy test, wait a few days and try again. Home pregnancy tests work by measuring the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (h. CG) in your urine. At Pregnancy Week 28 you have launched the third trimester and started the home stretch. Learn more about what to expect for Pregnancy Week 28. Find out how your baby is growing and developing when you're 21, 22, 23 and 24 weeks pregnant, and feelings and symptoms you might notice, such as feeling hungrier. This pregnancy hormone is produced from cells that come from your placenta. As your pregnancy week by week continues, the amount of h. CG in your blood stream increases. It's probably best to wait one or two weeks after your missed period before taking a home pregnancy test. Most women will not start experiencing physical symptoms however until they miss their period. You may however experience some slight spotting during implantation. This is perfectly normal and may be a very early sign that you have successfully conceived. If you are trying to get pregnant now is the time to start taking care of your body. If you haven't already you should start taking a prenatal supplement. You should avoid alcohol, drugs and smoking throughout your pregnancy to ensure the health and well- being of your baby. You should also start eating a healthy diet and continue exercising regularly. If you have not exercised up until this point in time chances are you can still start a healthy and safe exercise routine during your pregnancy. Talk with your healthcare provider about safe activities (like walking). Exercise during a normal pregnancy is very healthy for both mother and baby. It may even reduce the time you spend in labor and speed up your recovery after you have the baby! The Business of Conception: Sperm Meets Egg. Pregnancy isn’t possible without conception – an intricate and complex process that involves the release of an egg from the woman’s ovary, fertilization by the man’s sperm, and implantation in the lining of her uterus. Conception is a beautiful process that joins one egg to one single sperm cell to create life. Immediately after the egg ruptures from its follicle, it is literally brushed into the fallopian tube by the fimbriae (the tiny finger- like ends of the fallopian tube). The egg travels down the fallopian tube in the direction of the uterus. The journey from ovary to the uterus can take five days, but during the course of this time, the egg will be fertilized by the sperm. If the egg isn’t fertilized within 1. Both of these hormones start to thicken the lining of your uterus, in preparation for implantation. Each sperm has an oval head and a long tail, which work as a team to propel it towards the fallopian tube, where the unfertilized egg is waiting. The journey from the vagina to the fallopian tube may take 4. If you haven’t ovulated yet, sperm can stay alive in your reproductive tract for three to five days. Some will die in your vagina – which is acidic and deadly to sperm. Others get caught in your cervical mucus, which can act like an impassable barrier in which sperm cannot swim through. It’s only during the one or two days that you’re most fertile that the cervical mucus becomes more receptive to allowing the strongest swimmers to enter the uterus. But even after entering, these strong sperm still have to travel roughly seven inches from the cervix, through the uterus, up to the fallopian tubes. Some sperm will get lost or die along the way. Of the 2. 00 that survive, they all must fight each other to penetrate the egg’s outer shell. Fertilization – The Moment of Conception. All of the sperm will cluster around the egg and attempt to penetrate its tough outer layer. Each works frantically to beat the others and get inside. The strongest of the bunch will succeed and fertilize the egg. Once this happens, the outside of the egg automatically thickens so that no other sperm can enter. It becomes like a protective shield that keeps out the competitors, so that your future baby is the result of only one sperm and one egg. Genetic material from the sperm and the genetic material from the egg will create a new single cell, called a zygote, which starts to divide very quickly. The fertilized egg is now a bundle of cells. If a sperm with a Y chromosome fertilized the egg, you will end up with a little boy. If the lucky sperm had an X chromosome, you will end up with a little girl. This journey takes three to four days. In rare circumstances, the ball of cells will stay in the fallopian tube. The pregnancy that results is called an ectopic pregnancy (or a tubal pregnancy), and it’s a dangerous pregnancy complication if left untreated. This hormone also keeps the levels of progesterone in your body high to support your pregnancy. At this early stage in fetal development, the blastocyst produces enzymes that allow it to dig its way deeper into the uterine lining, where it will lie safely beneath the surface. During implantation, a chemical exchange also takes place between the blastocyst and your body to signal the presence of this new life. This exchange temporarily suppresses your immune system so that it cannot create antibodies that may attack the blastocyst as foreign matter. After implantation, some cells of the blastocyst will eventually become the placenta and others will become the embryo (your future baby). Your future baby is only a ball of cells at this point, but the ball of cells (the blastocyst) is multiplying rapidly. In the beginning, the blastocyst is made of two distinct layers of cells – the trophoblast (the outer later of cells) and the inner cell mass. The trophoblast burrows into your uterine wall during implantation, and it will eventually develop into the baby’s placenta. The inner cell mass will develop into the embryo (your future baby). These two hormones will prevent your uterus from shedding its lining (and your newly created baby). The inner layer of membranes (called the amnion) starts to form between 1. The amnion forms the amniotic sac – which fills with amniotic fluid and starts to envelop the developing baby. The amniotic sac will cushion and protect your unborn baby from any harm for the next 3. This role will be taken over by the newly developed placenta at the end of pregnancy week 4. For most women, the levels of h. CG in their urine aren’t high enough to be detected by a home pregnancy test. You will have to wait until the day of your missed period before you can take a home pregnancy test and get an accurate result. If you test negative at first, wait an additional week and test again.) Conception While Using Birth Control. No birth control method is 1. Out of all birth control types, the intrauterine device (IUD) is more than 9. Hormonal contraceptives can be 9. This includes birth control pills, the birth control patch (Ortho. Evra), the birth control ring (Nuva. Ring), and birth control injections (Depo- Provera). Male condoms are 9. In a majority of birth control failures, it’s due to user failure. For condom users, this means the condom was put on wrong, or it breaks during sex. The Nuva. Ring and diaphragm can also inserted wrong, and this puts you at risk for pregnancy. Pregnancy may be possible with the intrauterine device (IUD) if the IUD is expelled from the uterus without you realizing it. You can also get pregnant while using the Ortho. Evra patch if you don’t apply it on the skin on time. Pregnancy on the pill can also occur if the hormones in the pill aren’t absorbed into your system properly – due to vomiting or drug interactions with other medications you’re taking. Neurological medication, like seizure medicine, and antibiotics can often reduce the effectiveness of the pill. Alcohol can also make your birth control pill less effective at preventing pregnancy. Taking the birth control pill during early pregnancy has not been linked to any birth defects. Forgetting to take your birth control pill on a regular basis is the biggest reason for its unexpected pregnancy while on the pill. If you miss a pill, you should always use a backup method of birth control, like condoms or spermicides. Although the failure rate of an IUD is less than 1 percent, pregnancy does happen. Women who conceive with an IUD in place have a miscarriage risk of 4. You can greatly reduce the risk of miscarriage by removing the IUD as soon as possible. Women who get pregnant with an IUD are also at risk for ectopic pregnancy. There’s no increased risk of birth defects if you conceive with an IUD. ABO blood group system - Wikipedia. For use in inflammation, see histamine. For hydrogen atom, see hydrogen. The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system (or blood group system) in human blood transfusion. The “eat right for your type” diet, also known as the blood type diet, advises people to eat certain foods based on their blood type: A, B, AB, or O.O Negative Blood Type Diet. Here is an article explaining the O negative blood type diet. It is based on the book, 'Eat Right 4 Your Type' by Dr. James D'Adamo, who. Modern medicine has categorized human blood in four types: A, B, AB and O blood type. The main difference in blood types is related to the presence of protein in each. Peter D'Adamo, author of "Eat Right for Your Type.". Found on platelets, epithelium, and cells other than erythrocytes, AB antigens (as with other serotypes) can also cause an adverse immune response to organ transplantation. ABO blood types are also present in some other animals, for example rodents and apes, such as chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1. However, in 1. 92. American medical commission acknowledged Jansk. In Russia and states of the former USSR blood types O, A, B, and AB are respectively designated I, II, III, and IV. Moss published his own (very similar) work in 1. Felix Bernstein demonstrated the correct blood group inheritance pattern of multiple alleles at one locus in 1. Three drops of blood are mixed with anti- B (left) and anti- A (right) serum. Agglutination on the right side indicates blood type A. Red circles show where there are differences in chemical structure in the antigen- binding site (sometimes called the antibody- combining site) of human immunoglobulin. Eat According to Your Blood Type What your blood type says about your diet, your workout and you. Notice the O- type antigen does not have a binding site. The removal of A and B antigens still does not address the problem of the Rh blood group antigen on the blood cells of Rh positive individuals, and so blood from Rh negative donors must be used. Patient trials will be conducted before the method can be relied on in live situations. Another approach to the blood antigen problem is the manufacture of artificial blood, which could act as a substitute in emergencies. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three types of alleles inferred from classical genetics: i, IA, and IB. The I designation stands for isoagglutinogen, another term for antigen. The gene is located on the long arm of the ninth chromosome (9q. The IA allele gives type A, IB gives type B, and i gives type O. As both IA and IB are dominant over i, only ii people have type O blood. Individuals with IAIA or IAi have type A blood, and individuals with IBIB or IBi have type B. IAIB people have both phenotypes, because A and B express a special dominance relationship: codominance, which means that type A and B parents can have an AB child. A couple with type A and type B can also have a type O child if they are both heterozygous (IBi,IAi) The cis- AB phenotype has a single enzyme that creates both A and B antigens. The resulting red blood cells do not usually express A or B antigen at the same level that would be expected on common group A1 or B red blood cells, which can help solve the problem of an apparently genetically impossible blood group. The four possibilities represent the combinations obtained when one allele is taken from each parent; each has a 2. Blood group inheritance by phenotype only. Blood type. OABABOOO or AO or BA or BAO or AO or AO, A, B or ABA, B or ABBO or BO, A, B or ABO or BA, B or ABABA or BA, B or ABA, B or ABA, B or ABHistorically, ABO blood tests were used in paternity testing, but in 1. American men falsely accused were able to use them as evidence against paternity. A1 makes up about 8. A- type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest. Complications can sometimes arise in rare cases when typing the blood. There are six common alleles in white individuals of the ABO gene that produce one's blood type. People with weak alleles of A can sometimes express anti- A antibodies, though these are usually not clinically significant as they do not stably interact with the antigen at body temperature. There are also variations in blood type distribution within human subpopulations. In the UK, the distribution of blood type frequencies through the population still shows some correlation to the distribution of placenames and to the successive invasions and migrations including Norsemen, Danes, Saxons, Celts, and Normans who contributed the morphemes to the placenames and the genes to the population. A premature stop codon results from this frame- shift mutation. This variant is found worldwide, and likely predates human migration from Africa. The O0. 1 allele is considered to predate the O0. It is consistent with the accepted patterns of early population movements and varying prevalent blood types in different parts of the world: for instance, B is very common in populations of Asian descent, but rare in ones of Western European descent. Another theory states that there are four main lineages of the ABO gene and that mutations creating type O have occurred at least three times in humans. The continued presence of the O alleles is hypothesized to be the result of balancing selection. The antibodies created against these environmental antigens in the first years of life can cross- react with ABO- incompatible red blood cells that it comes in contact with during blood transfusion later in life. Anti- A antibodies are hypothesized to originate from immune response towards influenza virus, whose epitopes are similar enough to the . Anti- B antibodies are hypothesized to originate from antibodies produced against Gram- negative bacteria, such as E. Thus, individuals possessing rare types are better equipped to detect pathogens. The high within- population diversity observed in human populations would, then, be a consequence of natural selection on individuals. ABO antigens are found having similar roles on epithelial cells as well as red blood cells. In fact, having type O blood predisposes to bleeding. Higher levels of v. WF are more common amongst people who have had ischemic stroke (from blood clotting) for the first time. The mechanisms behind this association with cholera are unclear in the literature. However, in an O- type mother, Ig. G ABO antibodies are produced and the baby can potentially develop ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. Clinical applications. In most human carcinomas, including oral carcinoma, a significant event as part of the underlying mechanism is decreased expression of the A and B antigens. The study was based on a community cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer study) and four additional randomized controlled trials of primary prevention cohorts (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention cohorts (CARE and PROVE IT- TIMI 2. Scientific evidence in support of these concepts is nonexistent. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION. PMC 3. 96. 41. 93 . PMID 2. 46. 69. 36. Wright (1. 99. 3). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0- 1. 3- 9. 81. Singapore medical journal. PMID 2. 37. 16. 14. Zentralblatt Bakteriologie. Mfinch med Wschr. Klinick (in Czech). Canadian Medical Association Journal. PMC 5. 37. 90. 7 . PMID 2. 03. 21. 69. Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital. PMC 1. 20. 52. 97 . PMID 8. 41. 79. 88. J.; Watkins, W. PMID 5. Advances in Human Genetics Vol. Harris, H. M.; Morgan, W. Characterisation of a Novel Type of Glycoprotein Saccharides from Human Erythrocyte Membrane. PMID 7. 11. 73. 3. Kabat, Eds.) Plenum Publishing Corporation, N. Y. NY (1. 98. 8)^Finne (1. PMID 2. 33. 30. 95. Nat Biotechnol. 2. PMID 1. 74. 01. 36. Concepts of Genetics (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0. 13. 53. 10. Transfus Med Rev. PMID 1. 67. 87. 82. Inheritance patterns of blood groups. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Retrieved 3. 0 October 2. Abobloodtypes. webnode. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 0. Retrieved 1 July 2. Seltsam A, Hallensleben M, Kollmann A, Blasczyk R (2. PMID 1. 28. 29. 58. Human Genetics. 9. PMID 8. 64. 16. 96. Blood Transfusion. PMC 2. 95. 74. 92 . PMID 2. 09. 67. 16. In Sawyer PH. English Medieval Settlement. Martin's Press. ISBN 0- 7. Human Genetics. 1. PMID 1. 86. 29. 53. Retrieved 2. 4 September 2. The Protein Journal. PMID 1. 55. 17. 98. M.; Allan, M. J.; Pomiankowski, A; Gustafsson, K (2. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. PMC 1. 69. 16. 87 . PMID 1. 52. 93. 86. PMID 1. 71. 18. 64. PMID 1. 57. 28. 12. Seminars in hematology. PMID 1. 50. 71. 78. Current Opinion in Hematology. PMID 1. 57. 25. 90. Br J Haematol. 1. PMID 1. 09. 29. 04. Transfus Med. 1. 1 (4): 3. PMID 1. 15. 32. 18. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. American Heart Association, Inc. PMID 1. 18. 34. 53. PMID 3. 49. 53. 04. PMID 7. 66. 06. 43. Br J Haematol. Blackwell Synergy. PMID 1. 57. 55. 28. PMID 1. 69. 90. 57. Bibcode: 2. 01. 0PLo. SO.. 5. 11. 97. 2X. M.; Kraft, P.; Gross, M.; Helzlsouer, K.; Bueno- De- Mesquita, H. B.; Steplowski, E.; Stolzenberg- Solomon, R. Z.; Arslan, A. A.; Jacobs, E. J.; Lacroix, A.; Petersen, G.; Zheng, W.; Albanes, D.; Allen, N. E.; Amundadottir, L.; Anderson, G.; Boutron- Ruault, M. E.; Canzian, F.; Chanock, S. J.; Clipp, S.; Gaziano, J. M.; Giovannucci, E. L.; Hallmans, G.; Hankinson, S. E.; Hoover, R. N.; Hunter, D. J.; Hutchinson, A.; Jacobs, K.; Kooperberg, C. Cancer Research. 7. PMC 2. 94. 37. 35 . PMID 2. 01. 03. 62. Z.; Fuchs, C. S.; Petersen, G. M.; Arslan, A. A.; Bueno- De- Mesquita, H. B.; Gross, M.; Helzlsouer, K.; Jacobs, E. J.; Lacroix, A.; Zheng, W.; Albanes, D.; Bamlet, W.; Berg, C. D.; Berrino, F.; Bingham, S.; Buring, J. E.; Bracci, P. M.; Canzian, F.; Clavel- Chapelon, F. O.; Clipp, S.; Cotterchio, M.; De Andrade, M.; Duell, E. J.; Fox Jr, J. W.; Gallinger, S.; Gaziano, J. M.; Giovannucci, E. L.; Goggins, M. Nature Genetics. PMC 2. 83. 98. 71 . PMID 1. 96. 48. 91. International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. PMC 2. 94. 69. 62 . PMID 2. 03. 09. 93. British Medical Journal. PMC 2. 01. 59. 95 . PMID 1. 30. 32. 50. Possible evolutionary significance. American Journal of Epidemiology. PMID 4. 01. 41. 72. Retrieved 2. 0 August 2. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0. 00. 9- 9. PMC 1. 81. 04. 67 . PMID 1. 72. 23. 96. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.). ISSN 0. 26. 7- 0. PMC 1. 50. 02. 29 . PMID 6. 81. 26. 84. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. ISSN 0. 00. 6- 3. PMID 1. 05. 80. 14. Journal of Dental Research. ISSN 0. 02. 2- 0. PMID 1. 56. 15. 87. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
August 2017
Categories |